The Kalahari Desert is a semi-arid sandy savanna that extends across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, covering approximately 900,000 square kilometers (350,000 square miles). Characterized by its flat, sandy terrain interspersed with salt pans such as the Makgadikgadi Pan, the Kalahari experiences extreme temperature variations with hot summers and cooler winters, and receives low and variable rainfall, typically between 150 and 350 millimeters (6 to 14 inches) annually. Despite its arid conditions, the region supports a diverse range of wildlife adapted to its harsh environment, including oryx, springbok, Kalahari lions, and various bird species. Vegetation is sparse but includes drought-resistant shrubs and grasses, which become more abundant during the rainy season.
The Kalahari is also home to the San people, whose traditional knowledge and cultural practices are closely adapted to the desert environment. This semi-arid region plays a significant ecological role with its seasonal landscape variations and ancient salt pans, which are important for wildlife and scientific research. Both conservation efforts and tourism focus on preserving the region's delicate ecosystem and supporting sustainable resource management while offering opportunities for wildlife observation, exploration of unique landscapes, and cultural engagement.
